Secret codes in the job reference: recognizing hidden downgrades
Job references must be benevolent and truthful, which is why some employers hide criticism in seemingly friendly wording. Those who know the typical grading formulas can quickly tell whether the reference in truth downgrades. If the assessment is not right, you can demand a correction.
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What you should do now
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1. Check the grading formulas
Compare the satisfaction and conduct formulas with the usual levels. 'Stets/jederzeit' and 'vollste' point to good grades, their absence to a downgrade.
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2. Watch for omissions
If a closing formula with thanks and regret or a statement on important tasks is missing, that is often a hidden negative signal.
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3. Demand a specific correction
Name the passages that do not correspond to the truth and demand an adjustment to the appropriate grade.
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4. If necessary, demand a correction
If the employer refuses, you can assert the correction of the reference in court. Note contractual cut-off periods.
How to spot the scam
- The usual thanks-and-regret closing formula is missing.
- Important tasks or achievements are not mentioned at all.
- Wording such as 'bemüht' or 'im Großen und Ganzen' points to a downgrade.
Frequently asked questions
What do the satisfaction formulas mean?
They encode the grade: 'stets zu unserer vollsten Zufriedenheit' stands roughly for very good, '(stets) zur vollen Zufriedenheit' for good, 'zu unserer Zufriedenheit' rather for sufficient. The less intensification, the worse the grade.
May a reference downgrade me covertly?
No, insofar as the assessment does not correspond to the truth. The reference must be benevolent and truthful and must not unnecessarily hinder your advancement (§ 109 GewO). You can have incorrect downgrades corrected.
How do I assert a better assessment?
If you demand a grade better than 'satisfactory', you must set out the circumstances that justify it; for a grade worse than 'satisfactory' the employer bears the burden of justification. In a dispute, the labor court decides.
Take action now
We put together the ready-made texts and the right places to contact for you.
General information for self-help, not legal advice (RDG). In case of a high loss or uncertainty: contact a consumer advice center or a lawyer.