Do pensioners have to file a tax return?

Not every pensioner has to file a tax return, but many underestimate that pensions are also taxable. Whether you have to file depends on the taxable part of your pensions and other income. Anyone who stays below the basic allowance pays no tax; often filing is still worthwhile.

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Your chances of getting your money back

Pensions are in principle taxable, but only with a certain taxation share. A tax-free pension allowance remains permanently. If your taxable income is below the basic allowance, no tax is due.

Many pensioners can lower their tax or even achieve a refund by deducting health and care insurance contributions, extraordinary burdens (e.g. illness costs) and lump sums.

What you should do now

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1. Determine the taxable pension part
Clarify which share of your pension is taxable (depending on the year of pension start) and how high your pension allowance is.
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2. Include further income
Company pensions, rents or capital income count too. Check whether you are overall above the basic allowance.
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3. Use deductions
Deduct insurance contributions, illness costs, donations and household-related services.
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4. File/check the return
If you are obliged, file on time. Voluntary filing can also be worthwhile, often there is money back.

How to spot the scam

You assume pensions are generally tax-free (that is not correct).
You ignore a request from the tax office to file.
You leave possible deductions (illness costs, contributions) unused.

Frequently asked questions

Are pensions taxable?

Yes, in principle, but only with a certain taxation share that depends on the year of pension start. A tax-free pension allowance is retained permanently. If your total taxable income is below the basic allowance, you pay no tax.

Do I have to file a tax return as a pensioner?

Only if your taxable income exceeds the basic allowance or the tax office requests it. Many pensioners are not obliged. Nevertheless, voluntary filing can be worthwhile, because it often leads to a refund.

How do I lower my tax as a pensioner?

By deducting health and care insurance contributions, extraordinary burdens such as illness and care costs, donations and household-related services. These deductions reduce your taxable income and thus your tax.

Take action now

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General information for self-help, not legal advice (RDG). In case of a high loss or uncertainty: contact a consumer advice center or a lawyer.